"Гибкие Автоматизированные Производства" |
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| Отсканированные страницы с текстом из пособия "ГАП" в формате GIF ¬ |
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Данный сайт, на котором Вы сейчас находитесь, называется "Пособие по обучению чтению на английском языке, М.Я. Баракова, Г.А. Мкртчян, Н.И. Наумова, 1990 г.".
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| Распознанный текст в формате DOC с отсканированных страниц расположенных выше ¬ |
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ponent mix lo be produced. II is these variations of FMS characteristics that makes the control of any particular FMS and its implementation a complex task.
One industrial company heavily involved in FMS is Siemens which is providing control systems for 19 automated manufacturing host systems in the world. Thirteen of these are FMS hos systems, of which five are in the UK and six in West Germany The remainder are controllers for flexible manufacturing cells.
Every FMS has its own layout and individual process requirements. Each host system therefore has its individual software requirements. The systems built with Siemens controllers (at all control levels) involve layouts for prismatic, rotational and hybrid components. In the software which has been developed for all the different cases, much is common between the systems.
Starting figuratively from the hardware level of a control computer and working upwards to the higher application software level, an FMS host's software consists oil: operating, executive and data base management systems; auxiliary library, utility and translator development software; peripheral equipment, dialogue interprogram software bus, host to controller communication software, and application software.
I. Прочитайте статью, перечислите основное назначение робота, определяющего качество продукции, в чем преимущество использования таких роботов.
MEASURING ROBOTS IN MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS
Quality control, a vital manufacturing process, has had to move on to the shop floor and become part of the production systern.
Recent years have seen a progressive evolution in production methods towards integrated automatic systems with varying degrees of sophistication.
The increasing presence of electronics in the unit controls has made impossible to achieve an important union between high-level automation and flexibility. More and more frequently, the entire production system is integrated at different levels by a network of computers which have the task of handling, often quite independently, the entire manufacturing process.
With this new type of automation, quality control has to be considered in a new light. It can no longer remain in a controlled temperature Standards Room, but must come out and face the difficult environment of the shop floor, where it is vital to be able to verify, quickly and accurately, the product quality.
This means that process control is required which cannot be achieved with conventional measuring machines, but which calls for more suitable means: specially-designed measuring robots. |
A measuring robot is fast, and designed to operate in the most difficult workshop conditions alongside the manufacturing machines, ensuring both high precision and high reliability.
When referring to 'systems' the application can range from a measuring robot loaded by a simple handling unit to an automatic measuring cell integrated in a transfer line, or measuring cells integrated into various flexible manufacturing systems (FMS).
The main requirements that arc to be met when a measuring robot is introduced into an automated line or an FMS are easy mechanical interfacing and easy software interfacing. These two points are fundamental in order to ensure a successful integration of the measuring robot into the system.
Obviously, as an FMS is composed of a series of machining centres, the type of pallet must be immediately identified and universal. In fact, the handling of the pallets (transfer systems, load/unload systems) is fundamental right from the start of the project.
For this reason the measuring robot must be extremely flexible, i.e. easy to interface mechanically with the load/unload systems already defined, and able to receive the pallets from the FMS without any compatibility problems.
It becomes evident that the most suitable structure of the treasuring robot is that which is closest to the structure of the machining centre, so that it can be 'seen' by the system as just another work centre.
These robots have all the aspects of a machining centre, including a rotary table that can receive the pallets from the line, a pallet-clamping system designed specifically for the type of pallet in use, and a mechanical structure which can interface with the load/unload systems, used by the FMS (such as rotary translators or 2-3 position pallet change-over units with straight translation).
No modifications are required, either to the robot or to the line. The measuring operation is performed as a normal process operation by a 'machining centre' which only differs from the other centres because it is fitted with probes instead of tools.
Software Interfacing
Another important factor, as mentioned above, is that, besides easy mechanical interfacing, the software interfacing must be equally simple. This has developed a series of standard application packages for the systems, with a wide adaptability that can be personalised without too much difficulty in order to cover specific requirements.
Some examples of the possibilities are: software for statistical
analysis; graphics; monitoring; and interactive software for flexible
generation of measuring programs, feed-back, etc. All these pack- |
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