"Гибкие Автоматизированные Производства" |
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| Отсканированные страницы с текстом из пособия "ГАП" в формате GIF ¬ |
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Данный сайт, на котором Вы сейчас находитесь, называется "Пособие по обучению чтению на английском языке, М.Я. Баракова, Г.А. Мкртчян, Н.И. Наумова, 1990 г.".
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Выше как Вы уже видели, находятся отсканированное изображение некоторых страниц в формате GIF взятые из Пособия по обучению чтению на английском языке название, которого "Гибкие Автоматизированные Производства".
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И еще одна фишка сайта заключается в том, что Вам не придется переводить тексты, это уже сделали за вас. |
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| Распознанный текст в формате DOC с отсканированных страниц расположенных выше ¬ |
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ages have been thoroughly tested and have been successfully operating for some time in various automated measuring cells in stalled all over the world.
For example, at one of the plants an FMS is composed of two machining centres, a measuring robot, and a robot for loading/unloading the parts.
A personal computer is used at measuring cell level to handle the programs and the statistical analysis of the measuring results.
The measuring robot has, on the rotary table, an automatic fixture that can receive and clamp the parts that are loaded. All the manufactured parts arc inspected and the computer managing the cell has the task, for each new part, to select among the numerous combinations of elementary programs available the one required by the set inspection frequency.
In practice, inspections are made each time using different programs for the critical features according to the inspection frequency that has been defined at the programming stage. Obviously the operator can, at any lime, change these frequencies through the computer, taking into account the production quality trend.
At another plant five automatic turning cells have been installed. Each cell is composed of an automatic lathe, an integrated measuring robot and a gantry loading unit which picks up the parts from the pallet, loads them onto the machine tool for the machining operations, takes them to the measuring robot for the dimensional inspection and then, according to the result, places them on another pallet or onto a rejected line.
The cells are completely automatic and unmanned. The measuring robot has the task of making a 100% inspection of the machined parts and ensuring by means of feedback in real-time effected on the lathe controller, the continual correction of all the tools and therefore the continuity of the product quality. The cells are designed to work 24 hours non-stop.
The system is at present composed of 13 machining centres, two robots and an automatic washing station. Different mechanical parts (engine block, engine head, gearbox, etc.) are automatically machined, then measured after each operation. The parts are fastened on pallets that move from one machine to the next for the various operations of machining, washing and measuring by means of an automatic rail track and are loaded and unloaded by rotary translation units.
The system hardware is of the three level type. The first level controls the machine tool units by means of minicomputers, the second controls the line also by means of the same type of computers and the third level is the main computer, which holds all the information and manages the entire system. |
On board the measuring robot in each measuring cell is the control unit, and a minicomputer to manage the cell and the FMS interfacing.
The two measuring robots are designed to receive the pallets automatically and guarantee the necessary feedback to the central control unit in real-time, so that the system can continually corrected, thus ensuring the continuity of the product quality.
The parts arrive on the measuring robot at random and are automatically recognized as they are loaded onto the measuring robot. The exchange of information between computers ensures that the main computer signals the pallet code, the type of part on the pallet, and also the machining centre where the part with the features to be measured has been machined, to the computer handling the measuring cell.
In this way the computer of each measuring cell is able to monitor the procedure of the process, making a statistical analysis of each single feature of the machined parts and reporting on the machining centre that has performed that specific operation.
The results, besides being printed and stored locally, are transmitted to the central control unit for the continuous system correction and also transmitted to the Quality Control Area, where they can be recalled and displayed at any time, feature by feature, either on the video or on the printer.
It may be of interest to give still one more example of the plant where an FMS composed of two flexible lines has been recently installed.
Each line has an integrated automatic measuring cell which includes a measuring robot, a gantry-type loading unit, a washing system, a computer that manages the cell. The parts manufactured gearboxes for trucks.
The measuring robots are fitted to automatically receive the different groups of parts, each of which has several models. All the parts are inspected by measuring cycles handled by the computer, that have been devised so as to keep all the critical parameters continuously under control.
The measuring results, after statistical processing, are transmitted to the central computer located in the control centre where all the processes are continuously followed by a supervisor.
In conclusion it is necessary to stress that FMS and automated production lines are now a daily reality if on the one hand the real FMSs are still rare, on the other hand, it has become clear that the need for automation at different levels in production cannot be ignored in any plant.
This brings about the need to face, in a different way and with new methods, the problems that arise from automation. One of these problems is automatic production inspection, which calls for |
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Для быстрого перехода от страницы к странице пользуйтесь навигацией (ниже) ¬ |
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