"Гибкие Автоматизированные Производства" |
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| Отсканированные страницы с текстом из пособия "ГАП" в формате GIF ¬ |
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Данный сайт, на котором Вы сейчас находитесь, называется "Пособие по обучению чтению на английском языке, М.Я. Баракова, Г.А. Мкртчян, Н.И. Наумова, 1990 г.".
Если Вы искали именно, это тогда вам сильно повезло. Здесь Вы найдете все необходимые тексты, находящиеся в учебнике и даже готовый перевод, который нужно просто взять и распечатать. |
Выше как Вы уже видели, находятся отсканированное изображение некоторых страниц в формате GIF взятые из Пособия по обучению чтению на английском языке название, которого "Гибкие Автоматизированные Производства".
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Если посмотреть ниже там Вы сможете найти тот самый текст, который видели выше, но уже не в GIF, а в текстовом формате. Это сделано специально для тех, кому лень распознать текст, через какие либо программы для дальнейшего использования.
И еще одна фишка сайта заключается в том, что Вам не придется переводить тексты, это уже сделали за вас. |
| Вам необходимо, что-либо найти? Воспользуйтесь поиском. Может он Вам чем-то поможет. Удачи!!! |
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| Распознанный текст в формате DOC с отсканированных страниц расположенных выше ¬ |
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IV. Определите значения выделенных слов по сходству и
корней с корнями соответствующих слов в русском
языке:
automatic controller; minicomputer control; standard program; control system; pneumatic conveyor; a family of components; vertical (horizontal) spindles; robot controller; to initiate a signal; a series of machines
V. Переведите следующие предложения. Найдите в каждом предложении группу «подлежащее-сказуемое».
учитывая при этом форму времени сказуемого в пассивном залоге:
1. Each machining centre is equipped with an automatic pallet receiving system, shuttle table and automatic tool changer. 2. The horizontal types of machining centres are mostly used owing to their greater flexibility. 3. Four faces can be machined at one setting. 4. A tool magazine is mounted on the side of the machine and a tool is picked up by a gripper. 5. In CNC machines several steps are carried out without manual labour. 6. Many different tools art needed to enable the machine to mill, drill, bore and tap. 7. A electronic controller is designed to cut programming time. 8. A number of machining operations can be stored in the controller. 9 The program name or number is called up by the operator.
Текст З.1.
VI. Прочитайте текст 3.1. Скажите, что является составной частью ГАП; какие типы станков с ЧПУ упоминаются в тексте; какие операции производятся на этих станках; как осуществляется управление станками с ЧПУ.
CNC MACHINES AND THEIR CONTROL
Computer-controlled machines are the building blocks of FMS. The key feature of a CNC machine is that several steps can be carried out in. sequence1 without manual labour, and a number of different series of machining operations can be stored in the controller. Therefore, to initiate a particular sequence or program, the operator needs only call up the program name or number, white a series of different workpieces can be machined without. pausing to set the machine up or install new tools. It should be noted that the signal to initiate a program can come equally from a process computer controlling a whole machine shop. However, the features that make CNC the heart of an FMS can also be adopted on other machines — for example, the CNC is almost the same as a robot controller.
In some installations, a number of CNC machines have been |
under minicomputer control and generally they arc called DNC
(direct numerical control) systems. Usually a DNC differs from an
FMS in the ancillaries. For example, tools may be supplied on
pallets, along conveyors with the workpieces, and be loaded manually. Then, the workpiece is usually set up manually. In other
cases, the system is designed to produce a small number of variations in a family of components, such as axles.
There are basically two types of CNC machines - lathes and machining centres. All have similar control units. In a typical CNC lathe, there is a slant-bed with one or two turrets carrying tools for turning, boring, drilling and perhaps even grinding.
The movement of the tools both towards the spindle and towards the headstock can be controlled at various speed, while the spindle speed also can be varied infinitely. Then each tool can be used as required, all these functions being controlled automatically according to a present program.
As a general rule, in FMS there are two common types of machining centres, those with vertical and those with horizontal Spindles. The horizontal types are mostly used owing to their greater flexibility.
Thе table carrying the workpiece can move horizontally in two
planes, x and v , and it can also index around. Then, the spindle
Ian be moved vertically. Thus, the workpiece can be indexed
around 90° so that four faces can be machined at one setting.
However, some machines cither have a right angle attachment or
have a special head design for machining the top face. On a vertical spindle, the table can be moved in the x and у planes, while the spindle can move vertically.
As with lathes, so with machining centres, the spindle and table speeds can be varied infinitely, but, of course, to enable the machine to mill, drill, bore and tap, many different tools are needed. Therefore, a tool magazine is mounted on the side of the machine. The magazine is circular or rectangular, and it is indexed around so that the tool needed for the next operation can be moved in advance3 close to the loading station this device being railed an automatic tool changer (ATC). Between the loading station and spindle there is a gripper which can pick up the tool from the spindle chuck-in some cases while the spindle is still rotating remove it and place it in the magazine. Then it picks up the new tool and inserts it in the machine.
It is worthy of note that the most important features of CNC machines are the servo-motors, which can be controlled so that they can rotate at any speed.
Next, with electronic controllers, it became practical to put a series of steps in sequence and initiate those steps automatically.
It should be noted that large memory is needed so that many |
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Для быстрого перехода от страницы к странице пользуйтесь навигацией (ниже) ¬ |
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